NOUNS
2 types of nouns – COMMON NOUNS & PROPER NOUNS
| COMMON NOUNS | PROPER NOUNS |
| Objects | Names of people |
| Animals | Names of places |
| Names of buildings | |
| Lower Case | Upper Case |
| (small letters) | (Capital Letters) |
| Example: table | Example: John |
| boy | London |
| city | Eiffel Tower |
| dog | St. Paul’s Cathedral |
| GENERAL | SPECIFIC |
2 types of Common nouns – COUNTABLE NOUNS & UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
| COUNTABLE NOUNS | UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS |
| Nouns which can take a PLURAL FORM (+ s) | Nouns which CANNOT take a PLURAL FORM |
| E.g. a (1) boy – 2 boys | E.g. milk (you cannot say MILKS) |
| Nouns which can combine with | Nouns which CANNOT combine with |
| NUMERALS and QUANTIFIERS | NUMERALS and QUANTIFIERS |
| E.g. 5 tables | E.g. some sugar |
| Many houses | a lot of love |
| Several buildings | too much salt |
JOHN TAKES TWO TEASPOONS OF SUGAR WITH HIS TEA.
COUNTABLE NOUN UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
SOME and ANY
Look at the chart below:
SOME
We use "some" in positive sentences.
We use some for both countable and uncountable nouns.
Example: I have some friends.
ANY
We use "any" in negative sentences or questions.
We use any for both countable and uncountable nouns.
Example: Do you have any cheese? - He doesn't have any friends in Chicago.
EXCEPTION!
We use "some" in questions when offering or requesting something that is there.
Example: Would you like some bread? (offer)
Could I have some water? (request)
ANY
We use "any" in negative sentences or questions.
We use any for both countable and uncountable nouns.
Example: Do you have any cheese?
He doesn't have any friends in Chicago.
SOMEBODY, SOMEWHERE, SOMETHING
We use words with “some” - somebody, someone, somewhere and something - in positive sentences.
Example: He lives somewhere near here.
ANYBODY, ANYWHERE, ANYTHING
We use words with "any" - anybody, anyone, anywhere and anything - in negative sentences or questions.
Example: Do you know anything about that boy?
She doesn't have anywhere to go.
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